UnderStand UPSC
Conquer with Confidence.

Answer - (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: The National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been constituted under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. The main objective is to provide free legal services to the weaker sections of society and to organize Lok Adalats for amicable settlement of disputes.

• Statement 2 is not correct: In every State, the State Legal Services Authority has been constituted to give effect to the policies and directions of NALSA and to give free legal services to the people and conduct Lok Adalats in the State. The State Legal Services Authority is headed by the Hon’ble Chief Justice of the respective High Court, who is the Patron-in-Chief of the State Legal Services Authority.
  • A senior-most Judge of the High Court is nominated as Executive Chairman, SLSA.
• Statement 3 is correct: In every District, District Legal Services Authority has been constituted to implement Legal Services Programmes in the District. The District Legal Services Authority is situated in the District Courts Complex in every District and chaired by the District Judge of the respective district. A Civil Judge Cadre Judicial Officer is appointed as Secretary on a full-time basis.
  

Answer - (d)

Explanation:

• Statement-I is correct: Republic Day is celebrated on January 26 to remember the date of commencement of the Indian Constitution.

• Statement-II is correct: Jawaharlal Nehru introduced the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly on 13th December 1946. Hence, Statement-II is correct but it does not explain Statement-I.

• Statement-III is not correct: The Indian National Congress, on 19 December 1929, passed the historic ‘Purna Swaraj’ (total independence) resolution at its Lahore session. A public declaration was made on 26 January 1930. The Congress Party urged Indians to celebrate the day as ‘Independence Day’.

• During the constitution-making process, members of the Constituent Assembly chose 26 January 1950 for the commencement of the Constitution of India to honour the date of the public declaration of Purna Swaraj.
  

Answer - (a)

Explanation:

• Nagaland was formed in the year 1962 and was carved out from the State of Assam.
  
• Himachal Pradesh was initially a Union Territory and was elevated to the status of State by the State of Himachal Pradesh Act, 1970.
  
• Arunachal Pradesh received the status of a full state by the State of Arunachal Pradesh Act, 1986.
  
• Jharkhand was formed by the Bihar Reorganisation Act, 2000.

Hence, the ascending order is:

Nagaland → Himachal Pradesh → Arunachal Pradesh → Jharkhand

Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

Answer - (d)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is not correct: Under Section 3(k) of the Act, the State Legislatures are empowered to make laws with respect to elections to the Municipalities.
  • The superintendence, direction and control of the preparation of the electoral rolls for the conduct of elections to the municipalities shall be vested in the State Election Commissions.
• Statement 2 is not correct: Under Section 3(m) of the Act, the extension of provisions of the Act to Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas may be done by Parliament.
  
• Statement 3 is not correct: The seats of the municipalities shall be filled by direct elections. Besides the seats filled by direct elections, some seats may be filled by nomination of persons having special knowledge and experience in municipal administration.

Answer - (b)

Explanation:

A dissolution ends the very life of the existing House of the People, so all matters pending before the House lapse with the dissolution.

Status of bills on the dissolution of Lok Sabha:

• A bill pending in the Lok Sabha will lapse even if it originated in the Rajya Sabha or not.
  
• A bill originated in the Lok Sabha and pending in the Rajya Sabha will also lapse.
  
• A bill pending in the Council which has not yet been passed by the House shall not lapse on dissolution.
  
• A dissolution will not affect a joint sitting of the two Houses summoned by the President to resolve a disagreement between the Houses if the President has notified his intention to hold a joint sitting before the dissolution.

Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.