PRELIMS मतलब MAD

Answer: C

Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect. Moderate leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji and R.C. Dutt criticised foreign capital because they believed it contributed to the economic drain of India rather than promoting genuine indigenous industrialisation.

Statement 2 is correct. Naoroji estimated India’s per capita income at about ₹20 and used such calculations to highlight the impoverishing impact of British colonial rule.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The 1890 session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta under the presidentship of Firoz Shah Mehta, also known as Pherozeshah Mehta. The session became historically significant when Kadambini Ganguly, the first woman graduate of Calcutta University, addressed the Congress gathering.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The Moderates demanded the abolition of the India Council, enlargement of legislative councils, greater Indian participation in administration, and simultaneous civil service examinations in India and Britain with a higher age limit.

Statement 3 is incorrect. They did not demand the abolition of the Permanent Settlement. Instead, they favoured its extension to other areas as a means of providing greater certainty in land revenue demands.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The Drain of Wealth became the central theme of the Moderates’ economic critique of colonialism. Leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji argued that British rule continuously transferred Indian resources abroad through mechanisms such as Home Charges, military expenditure, official remittances and foreign capital.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct. The Congress consciously sought to develop an all-India political identity by rotating its annual sessions across different regions and choosing presidents from outside the host province.

Statement 2 is incorrect. In its early phase, Congress participation was dominated largely by Western-educated professionals, landlords and business groups. Peasants, workers and lower-caste groups were not represented on a comparable scale.

Statement 3 is correct. In 1889, the Congress adopted a minority clause providing that a resolution should not be passed if it faced overwhelming opposition from either Hindu or Muslim delegates.