Welcome To UnderStand UPSC

Answer- (d)

Explanation:

• About Birsa Munda: He  was a religious leader and folk hero from the Munda Tribe of the Chhota Nagpur Plateau area. 
• Statement 1 is correct: He founded a new religion called Birsait.
• Statement 2 is correct: The rebellion also called ulgulan of the Munda tribesmen, led by Birsa Munda occurred during 1899-19.
• Statement 3 is correct: He opposed and criticized the church and its practices such as levying of taxes and religious conversions. 
  • He is credited for reviving the traditional tribal culture which was mostly negatively affected by Christian missionary works.

Answer- (d)

Explanation:

• About the Madras Mahajan Sabha: It was a regional political organization and the forerunner of the Indian National Congress.
• It was founded in May 1884 at Ellis Road Junction, Mount Road in Madras district (present-day Chennai) by M Veeraraghavachariar, G Subramania Iyer, and P Ananda Charlu. Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
• The aim was to liberate the nation from British rule and resolve national issues, as stated at the Adyar Theosophical Society conference. 
• In April 1930, the Madras Mahajana Sabha launched the Salt Satyagraha in George Town, Esplanade, High Court, and Beach neighbourhoods (all localities in Madras). 
• It also participated in the 1942 Quit India Movement, which resulted in several members being brutally beaten and imprisoned by British authorities. 
• The Sabha continued the freedom struggle on behalf of the Indian National Congress after the British government outlawed it.

Answer- (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: In response to the rising wave of patriotism, Debendra Nath Tagore established a newspaper called the Indian Mirror in Calcutta, West Bengal.
  • His decision was inspired by the profound patriotic sentiments he observed, particularly among the people of Bengal.
• Statement 2 is correct: It was an English language newspaper.

Statement 3 is not correct: It was first published in the year 1862. The newspaper was started following the 1857 uprising. The 1857 revolt generated a passionate wave of patriotism. 

Answer- (d)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is not correct: Zamindari System was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent Settlement Act. It was also known as the Permanent Settlement System.
• Statement 2 is not correct: It was introduced in provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi. 
• Statement 3 is not correct: Under this, Zamindars were recognized as owners of the lands. Zamindars were given the rights to collect the rent from the peasants.   
  • The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

Answer- (b)

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is not correct: The Purushasukta, xth mandala in the Rig Veda, refers to the fourfold caste system. Professions were not hereditary. There was a considerable amount of flexibility. 
• Statement 2 is not correct: There were no rigid rules limiting marriage and inter-dining between various occupational classes of the society.
• Statement 3 is correct: In spite of the patriarchal character of the family, the position of women was much better in the Rig Vedic period than in later times. 
  • They could attend assemblies and offer sacrifices along with their husbands. There is evidence of levirate (Niyoga) and widow remarriage in the Rig Veda. Sati was symbolic in nature and confined only to the upper strata of the society.
  • Statement 4 is correct: The religion of the early Vedic people was more simple, realistic and less ritualistic.  Indra was the most popular of all the early Vedic gods, who is called Purandara or breaker of forts. Indra played the role of warlord, leading the Aryan soldiers to victory against the demons.