PRELIMS मतलब MAD

Answer: (b) 2 only

Explanation

• Statement 1 is not correct: The Censorship of Press Act, 1799 was enacted by Lord Wellesley, not John Adams. It imposed strict restrictions, including pre-censorship, because of the perceived threat of a French invasion.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Press Act of 1835, commonly known as the Metcalfe Act, repealed the restrictive Press Ordinance of 1823.
  • Its liberal provisions led to a rapid growth of newspapers.
  • Charles Metcalfe is therefore known as the Liberator of the Indian Press.

Answer: (a) Ban on participation and gathering of people and students

Explanation

The Carlyle Circular was a repressive measure directed mainly against student participation in the Swadeshi Movement.

• It was issued in October 1905 by R. W. Carlyle, the Chief Secretary of Bengal.
• It prohibited students from participating in political meetings, demonstrations and gatherings.
• Educational institutions faced action when their students participated in nationalist activities.
• Even the chanting of “Vande Mataram” was restricted.
• In response, Sachindra Prasad Bose founded the Anti-Circular Society in November 1905.
• The society supported students expelled from educational institutions because of their involvement in the movement.

Answer: (a) Only one

Explanation

• Pair 1 is not correct: The Strachey Commission was appointed by Viceroy Lytton in 1880 to recommend measures for preventing and managing famines.
• Pair 2 is not correct: The Herschell Committee was concerned with currency reforms.
  • It recommended closing the British Indian mints to the free coinage of silver to private individuals.
• Pair 3 is correct: The Aitchison Commission, appointed in 1886, examined the admission of Indians into public services.
  • It recommended classifying civil services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate services.
  • It also recommended ending the Statutory Civil Service.

Therefore, only one pair is correctly matched.

Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

Explanation

The Subsidiary Alliance System was introduced by Lord Wellesley to expand British political control over Indian princely states.

Under this system:

• Statement 1 is correct: The ruler could not enter into an alliance or wage war against another power without British permission.
• Statement 2 is correct: A British Resident was stationed in the ruler’s court and interfered in the State’s political affairs.
• Statement 3 is correct: The Indian ruler could not maintain an independent armed force.
  • British troops were stationed within the State.
  • The ruler had to pay for their maintenance or surrender territory if payment could not be made.

Although the British promised protection, the alliance substantially reduced the sovereignty of Indian rulers.

Answer: (d) None

Explanation

All three statements are correct.

• Statement 1 is correct: The Khilafat issue originated outside India. Indian Muslims launched the movement to protect the position of the Ottoman Caliph.
  • They demanded that the Caliph retain control over Muslim sacred places.
  • They also wanted sufficient territories to remain under the Caliph’s authority.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Treaty of Sèvres, 1920 severely reduced the power and territories of the Ottoman Empire, hurting the religious sentiments of many Muslims.
  • The movement was led by leaders such as Shaukat Ali, Muhammad Ali and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
• Statement 3 is correct: Gandhi’s suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922 weakened the Khilafat Movement because both movements had been operating together.