Welcome To UnderStand UPSC

Explanation :
• Statement 1 is incorrect because the Indian team won gold medals in both the open and women’s categories at the 45th FIDE Chess Olympiad in Budapest, Hungary, not New York.
• Statement 2 is correct because FIDE, the governing body of chess, was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as a Global Sporting Organization in 1999.

More information:
• About the 45th FIDE Chess Olympiad:
◦ Held in Budapest, Hungary.
◦ The 44th Chess Olympiad took place in India (Chennai) for the first time.

• Trophies:
  ◦ The Hamilton-Russell Cup was awarded to the winning team in the open section.
  ◦ The Vera Menchik Cup went to the winning team in the women’s section.
• About FIDE:
  ◦ FIDE regulates all international chess competitions.
  ◦ Recognized by the IOC as a Global Sporting Organization in 1999.

Theme : Current affairs | Sports
Level : Moderate

Explanation :
Just as humans rely on the internet to connect and communicate, trees and plants have their own intricate network — fungi. Scientists have dubbed this phenomenon the “Wood Wide Web.”

At its core, the Wood Wide Web consists of underground fungal threads, known as mycelium, that weave together the roots of plants. This complex network enables trees to:

• Share essential nutrients
  • Communicate through subtle chemical signals

Theme : Current affairs | Biodiversity
Level : Easy

Explanation :
Astronomers stunned by discovery of the brightest quasar ever observed. Using the European Southern Observatory’s (ESO) Very Large Telescope (VLT), scientists have identified the brightest quasar ever recorded, designated J0529–4351.

What are Quasars?
Quasars, short for “Quasi-stellar Radio Sources,” are incredibly luminous objects that reside at the cores of distant galaxies. Powered by supermassive black holes, quasars emit an immense amount of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, including:

• Radio waves
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet (UV) rays
  • Infrared waves
  • X-rays
  • Gamma-rays

Despite their extraordinary brightness, quasars are invisible to the naked eye due to their vast distances from Earth.

Theme : Science and tech
Level : Hard

Explanation :
QNLP unifies syntactic (structural) and semantic (meaning-related) analysis, addressing a key limitation of traditional LLMs that treat them separately. It leverages quantum computing to reduce computational complexity, leading to lower energy costs and fewer parameters compared to classical models. Hence, Option B is the correct answer.

• Option A is incorrect as QNLP does not focus exclusively on syntax; it combines syntax and semantics.
  • Option C is incorrect as QNLP does not prioritize semantics over syntax; it balances both.
  • Option D is incorrect as QNLP does not process syntax and semantics in “separate layers”; it integrates them using quantum principles.

Theme : Current affairs | Science and tech
Level : Moderate to Hard